The world is embroiled in a pandemic of a new coronavirus at the end of 2019 and early in 2020, with such a large scale that it has severely involved the political, economic, and social systems in most countries around the world. The scale of the crisis is so widespread that many experts believe that the post-corona world will be substantially different from the pre-corona world. In the face of this massive epidemic, how people perceive risk and how to risk is communicated, plays a central role in deciding and choosing people's behavior. Fighting with this emerging phenomenon requires mobilizing all the possibilities of society and helping all people in the field of empathy and altruism. In this article, we briefly review aspects of the important concept of risk perception and communication in this pervasive crisis.

In all scientific disciplines, models have played an important role as the mediator between theory and action and therefore have made the education easier. But among the variety of disciplines, the role of models in the communication science is so highlighted that an independent book can properly deal with the reviewing and comparison of various complication models. To reveal almost all communicational elements and their interactions in a model, this paper has traced a sensible procedure based on the observance of different degrees of magnification in an assumed microscope. With commitment to this suggestion, the paper has inspected the relations between the old communication theory of "meaning seat in the brain, not in the message" and new achievements in the brain nervous system. The paper then suggests that the meaning must be followed in a newly discovered place in the brain’s hippocampus, called "Long-lasting memory" and it’s function relies on macro-molecules of proteins.During the next part, the paper has developed its suggestions in the last version about a main issue or problem in the communication which was "the necessity of the similarity of manifested meaning in the communicatee with the intended meaning in the communicator" - resumed as M' /M – and suggested a new key issue or problem about "the necessity of the similarity of achieved concept by communicatee with the sent content by communicator" – resumed as C' /C -. Then, along with explaining two secondary problems –the strength of the relevance between intended meaning of the communicator and his produced content (briefly called M and C) - and - the strength of the relevance between the achieved concept of communicatee and his/her manifested meaning (briefly called M' and C') -, the paper suggests that communication is a process with four issues or problems.Finally, reviewing the Iranian sages' ideas about communication during past centuries, the paper introduces a new communication element called "the third context".

Plant development can be defined as a programmed qualitative change in plant form, which leads plant to maturity, and researchers call it as phasic development or phenology. Recognizing the timing of occurring each development stage is necessary for managing system in order to yield increment. The timing of occurring development stages depend on climate, genotype specifications and sowing date then determination of these times in different regions is difficult and it is only possible through the using of crop simulation models which can predict the timing of occurrence each development stage by integrating effective factors. The model was constructed based on linear equation of plant temperature response. In order to model evaluation two experiments were carried out in agricultural and natural resources research center of Khuzistan in 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 cropping years. Wheat development stages were determined based on Kirby and Appleyard’s scale by stereoscopic microscope and required GDD for each development stage as well. The constructed model was calibrated and run for simulation. Comparison of simulated and observed data showed that the model can strongly predict wheat development stages.

Despite all the interdisciplinary research between religion and communication sciences, few have studied the Qur'an itself as a communication phenomenon. And none of them have explained, analyzed and drawn the communication model of the Holy Quran. Given the importance of this issue and in line with the Islamization of the humanities, in this research different levels of Quranic communication levels are explained and analyzed and the comprehensive model of the communication process of the Holy Quran is based on it. To achieve this goal, the data was collected through library method and they were processed by the method of seeking answers from the Quran itself. In other words, human theories and achievements have been presented to, not imposed on, the verses of the Qur'an and in a few steps, the Quranic views related to them have been extracted and arranged. In this study, in addition to explaining the communication levels of the Quran and the communication elements involved in each level and also drawing the three-stage communication model of the Quran based on it, it was found that, firstly, the communication levels of the Qur'an are: Level of revelatory communication (interpersonal communication), oral Quran (group and social communication), written Quran (collective and media communication). Secondly, contrary to popular belief, the communication process of the Holy Quran at all levels is a two-way learning process. Thirdly, the Holy Qur'an has evolved from an interpersonal communication into a comprehensive mass media through a careful and planned process.

Purpose: Resilience in start-ups is a challenging issue that has caught the attention of policymakers and business owners. The present study is an attempt to provide a model for designing the resilience model of start-up businesses as a path to the future of start-up businesses. Method: This research is practical in terms of purpose and from the perspective of data collection is a qualitative research that has been done by content analysis method. The data collection method is semi-structured interview. Interviews with participants continued until they reached the theoretical saturation point, which was achieved by conducting 15 interviews. Participants were selected by snowball and purposeful method and data analysis was done through three coding steps (open, axial, selective) with MAXQDA2020 software. Findings: Based on the research results, the components of "cognitive resilience, financial resilience, adaptive resilience" as well as the effective organizational factors of "precedent, drivers and boys and resilience consequences" were identified. In this research, foresight and futures studies were identified as the drivers of resilience of start-up businesses. Conclusion: Resilience enables businesses to respond effectively to the dynamic conditions of their environment and maximize their competencies through strategic foresight and as a result gain more value than their competitors in the field of business. In this regard, the integration of foresight in the process of business resilience can be suggested as a facilitator of drivers.

Today, one of the most widely used natural language representation methods is meaning representation for text processing in different systems. Meaning representation methods have had many applications in the field of natural language processing in recent years, including automatic text summarization systems and question and answer systems, etc. Many text expressions may be different in terms of grammatical structure, but they are the same in terms of meaning, so how to apply a single and uniform meaning to them is one of the challenges of text processing. The main goal of this paper is to design an Integrated Semantic Representation (ISR) model for natural language. The proposed model, while maintaining its simplicity in annotation and understanding, does not depend on specific natural language features or on syntactic and lexical structure. In this regard, several examples in both English and Persian language, which have different in terms of written and grammatical structure, are presented in this paper. Moreover, by using the proposed model, the same representation is provided for texts with the same meaning and different grammatical structure. The proposed model is designed in graph and list format is recommended to annotate its corpuses. One of the main features of this model is that it can represent semantic relations at both sentence-level and document-level and is able to represent complex and important linguistic phenomena such as aspect, tense, and quantification. The simplicity of the proposed model helps to avoid making language processing slow or complicated in various applications, and the preparation of structures based on this model for different natural languages will not be too complicated, so that it can be used both for natural languages with low resources and for those with various resources. Further, features of the proposed model are compared with one of the most important related works.

This paper is an attempt to explain the supportive functions of strong and weak social ties for reducing social and mental pressure. It then deals with the relationships between these ties and drug addiction. Then, by comparing face-to-face interaction with computer-supported communication networking, I will point out the advantages that the expanding internet communication networks create for supplying sound and proper services through the social network for returning the ex-addict to a safe social life.